Once you have the Ant Migration Tool installed you can use it to do things like deploying your code to a Salesforce org and running all tests. This is a crucial step in your Salesforce migration. When you add the extension, Ant is able to understand additional commands that refer to actions that can be performed against a Salesforce environment. The Salesforce Ant Migration Tool is an Ant extension (antlib) that adds Salesforce-specific tasks to Ant.
You can look at the XML in the build.xml as basically a Domain-Specific Language (DSL).
When you give Ant a command, it will read the build.xml configuration file, searching for the target matching that name and once it finds it, it will execute it. The main file containing all the possible tasks to perform is an xml file named build.xml that will contain tasks that we might want Ant to perform for our project, in a specific format. Tasks can be made dependant on each other based on XML properties. You give it an XML configuration file with the details of the possible tasks to perform and tell it the task you’d like to run. Ant ( Another Neat Tool) is a Java tool that performs tasks based on XML instructions.
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